Methods and systems for authenticating users

ABSTRACT

A method of authenticating users to reduce transaction risks includes indicating a desire to conduct a transaction and determining whether the transaction requires access to protected resources. Moreover, the method determines whether inputted information is known, determines a state of a communications device when the inputted information is known, and transmits a biometric authentication request from a server to an authentication system when the state of the communications device is enrolled. Additionally, the method includes validating the communications device, capturing biometric authentication data in accordance with a biometric authentication data capture request with the communications device, biometrically authenticating the user, generating a one-time pass-phrase and storing the one-time pass-phrase on the authentication system when the user is authenticated, comparing the transmitted one-time pass-phrase against the stored one-time pass-phrase, and granting access to the protected resources when the transmitted and stored one-time pass-phrases match.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No.14/922,310, filed Oct. 26, 2015, which is a continuation application ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/845,444, filed Mar. 18, 2013, nowU.S. Pat. No. 9,202,028, issued Dec. 1, 2015, which is a continuationapplication of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/535,720, filed Aug.5, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,443,202, issued May 14, 2013, thedisclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates generally to methods and systems forauthenticating users over networks, and more particularly, to methodsand systems of authenticating users over networks that increase thesecurity of protected resources accessible over networks to thus reducenetwork-based transaction risks.

Websites are generally established by entities on networks such thatusers are able to navigate to the websites to conduct site appropriatenetwork-based transactions. As long as user passwords required to accesswebsites remain secret, such network-based transactions may be safelyconducted without compromising the security of data that is accessiblethrough the website. However, risks that such network-based transactionsmay be conducted fraudulently have increased due to password misuse,such as password sharing with untrustworthy third parties, and due tosophisticated techniques, such as phishing, developed by third partiesto surreptitiously obtain user passwords. By obtaining user passwords,third parties are able to obtain information about individual users, andentities such as financial institutions, hospitals and nationalmilitaries. Such information may include social security numbers, creditcard numbers, bank account numbers, private patient medical records andsensitive national military secrets. Third parties may use suchinformation to conduct fraudulent network-based transactions withfinancial institutions, blackmail patients to keep medical recordsconfidential, and to anticipate and counter national militarystrategies.

Known authentication techniques that typically require users to enterthe same unique username and the same unique password each time the website is accessed may not adequately protect against fraudulentlyconducting network-based transactions and fraudulently accessing networkaccessible data, and thus may expose users and entities to increasednetwork-based transactional risks. Consequently, it has been known tosupplement such known authentication techniques with otherauthentication techniques by installing additional identificationinformation on software or hardware tokens. However, generating thetokens themselves, constructing enrollment sites and systems forcollecting enrollment information from users, procuring software andhardware to support token use, and maintaining such software andhardware systems is complex, expensive and time consuming.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, a method of authenticating users to reduce transactionrisks is provided. The method includes storing biometric authenticationdata and personal data for each of a plurality of authorized users in anauthentication system, and storing protected resources in a server,wherein each of the protected resources is associated with acorresponding one of the plurality of authorized users. Theauthentication system is different than the server, and the server isincluded in a first communications channel. The method also includesindicating a desire to conduct at least one transaction, determiningwhether the at least one transaction requires access to the protectedresources, and when the at least one transaction requires access toprotected resources inputting information in a workstation such that aworkstation user performs the indicating and inputting operations at theworkstation.

Moreover, the method includes determining whether the inputtedinformation is known, determining a state of a communications devicewhen the inputted information is known, and transmitting a biometricauthentication request from the server over the first communicationschannel to the authentication system when the state of thecommunications device is enrolled. The biometric authentication requestincludes a biometric authentication data requirement. Furthermore, themethod includes generating a biometric authentication data capturerequest in response to the authentication request, and transmitting thebiometric authentication data capture request over a secondcommunications channel from the authentication system to thecommunications device. The communications device is included in thesecond channel and is associated with one of the plurality of authorizedusers and the one authorized user is associated with the inputtedinformation. Additionally, the method includes validating thecommunications device, verifying that the at least one transaction ispending, obtaining the biometric authentication data capture requesttransmission, capturing biometric authentication data in accordance withthe biometric authentication data capture request from the workstationuser with the communications device, and transmitting the capturedbiometric authentication data from the communications device to theauthentication system over the second communications channel.

The method also includes comparing the captured biometric authenticationdata against biometric authentication data of the one authorized userstored in the authentication system, generating a one-time pass-phrase,storing the one-time pass-phrase on the authentication system andtransmitting the one-time pass-phrase to the communications device overthe second communications channel when the workstation user isauthenticated as the one authorized user. Next the method continues byobtaining the one-time pass-phrase from the communications device andentering the one-time pass-phrase into the workstation, transmitting theone-time pass-phrase from the workstation to the authentication systemover the first communications channel, comparing the transmittedone-time pass-phrase against the stored one-time pass-phrase, andgranting access to the protected resources of the one authorized userwhen the transmitted and stored one-time pass-phrases match.

In another aspect, a system for authenticating users that reducestransaction risks is provided. The system includes a computer configuredas a server that includes at least a database. The server is configuredto store within the database a first configurable policy, to determinewhether at least one transaction requires access to protected resourceswhen a workstation user indicates a desire to conduct the at least onetransaction, to receive information inputted by the workstation user inthe workstation, to determine whether the inputted information is known,and to determine a level of risk associated with the at least onetransaction.

The system also includes at least one workstation, including at least aworkstation computer operationally coupled to the server, configured toreceive information input by the workstation user. The at least oneworkstation, the server and the network comprise a first communicationschannel. Moreover, the system includes an authentication systemincluding an authentication database. The authentication system isconfigured to communicate with the server, to store within theauthentication database biometric authentication data and personal dataassociated with each of a plurality of authorized users, to store anauthentication policy, to verify that the at least one transaction ispending, and to initiate a biometric authentication process over asecond communications channel in response to a communication from thefirst communications channel.

Moreover, the system includes a communications device included in thesecond channel. The communications device is associated with one of theplurality of authorized users and is configured to communicate with theauthentication system over the second communications channel, to receivea biometric authentication data request transmitted over the secondcommunications channel from the authentication system, to capturebiometric authentication data in accordance with the biometricauthentication request from the workstation user and transmit thecaptured biometric data to the authentication system over the secondcommunications channel. It should be appreciated that the one authorizeduser is associated with information inputted by the workstation user.

The authentication system is further configured to validate thecommunications device, to determine a state of the communications devicewhen the inputted information is known, to transmit a biometricauthentication data request corresponding to a level of risk of the atleast one transaction, to compare the captured biometric data againstbiometric authentication data of the one authorized user, and generateand transmit a one-time pass-phrase over the second communicationschannel when the workstation user is authenticated as the one authorizeduser.

It should be understood that the communications device is furtherconfigured to display the at least one transaction, and to receive anddisplay the one-time pass-phrase such that the one-time pass-phrase canbe inputted into the workstation and transmitted over the firstcommunications channel to the authentication system. The authenticationsystem is further configured to compare the one-time pass-phrasetransmitted from the authentication system against the one-timepass-phrase received by the authentication system. Moreover, the serveris configured to grant access to the protected resources of the oneauthorized user when the one-time pass-phrase transmitted from theauthentication system matches the one-time pass-phrase received by theauthentication system.

In yet another aspect, a method of authenticating users to reducetransaction risks is provided. The method includes storing biometricauthentication data and personal data for each of a plurality ofauthorized users in an authentication system, and storing protectedresources in a server. Each of the protected resources is associatedwith a corresponding one of the plurality of authorized users, theauthentication system is different than the server, and the server isincluded in a first communications channel. Moreover, the methodincludes indicating a desire to conduct at least one transaction,determining whether the at least one transaction requires access to theprotected resources and when the at least one transaction requiresaccess to protected resources, inputting information at a workstation.It should be appreciated that a workstation user performs the indicatingand inputting operations at the workstation.

Furthermore, it should be understood that the method includesdetermining whether the inputted information is known and determining astate of a communications device when the inputted information is known,determining a level of risk for the at least one transaction andtransmitting a biometric authentication request from the server over thefirst communications channel to the authentication system when the stateof the communications device is enrolled.

It should be appreciated that the method includes determining anauthentication capture level corresponding to a biometric authenticationdata requirement for the at least one transaction, and transmitting abiometric authentication data capture request to the communicationsdevice. The biometric authentication data capture request includes atleast the biometric authentication capture level. The method alsoincludes invoking a capture level security application in thecommunications device and inputting the authentication capture level inthe communications device such that the communications device displaysthe biometric authentication data requirement for the at least onetransaction.

Moreover, the method includes validating the communications device andverifying that the communications device is enrolled, capturing therequested biometric authentication data from the workstation user withthe communications device, and transmitting the captured biometricauthentication data from the communications device to the authenticationsystem over the second communications channel, when the at least onetransaction is pending. Furthermore, the method includes comparing thecaptured biometric authentication data against biometric authenticationdata of the one authorized user stored in the authentication system, andgranting access to the protected resources of the one authorized userwhen the captured biometric data and the biometric authentication dataof the one authorized user match.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of anAuthentication Computer (AC) System for reducing network-basedtransaction risks;

FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process for enrolling acommunications device in an authentication system included in the ACSystem illustrated in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary process of enrolling auser in a computer system of a service provider;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a first exemplary configurable policyrelating network-based transactions to levels of risk;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary authentication policyassociating the levels of risk illustrated in FIG. 4 to biometricauthentication data requirements;

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating exemplary risk factors and relatedlevel of risk adjustments;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary authentication processfor reducing risks that network-based transactions may be conductedfraudulently;

FIG. 7A is a continuation of the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 7;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an alternative exemplaryauthentication process for reducing risks that network-basedtransactions may be conducted fraudulently; and

FIG. 8A is a continuation of the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 is an expanded block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of asystem architecture of an Authentication Computer (AC) System 10 forauthenticating the identity of a user to increase security of protectedresources and thereby reduce network-based transaction risks. Morespecifically, the AC system 10 includes a server system 12, at least oneworkstation 14, a Biometric Authentication Computer (BAC) System 16 anda portable communications device 20.

In the exemplary embodiment, the server system 12 includes componentssuch as, but not limited to, a web server, a database server, anapplication server, a directory server and a disk storage unit arrangedto be combined in a single structure. The disk storage unit may be usedto store any kind of data. Although these components are combined toform a single structure in the form of the server system 12 in theexemplary embodiment, it should be appreciated that in other embodimentsthese components may be separately positioned at different locations andoperatively coupled together in a network such as, but not limited to, alocal area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN) and the Internet.The server system 12 is typically configured to be communicativelycoupled to end users at the workstation 14, and to be communicativelycoupled to the BAC system 16 using a communications network 18 such as,but not limited to, a LAN, a WAN and the Internet. Moreover, the network18 may include any combination of a LAN, a WAN and the Internet. Itshould be understood that any authorized workstation end user at theworkstation 14 can access the server system 12. In the exemplaryembodiment, the server system 12 is a computer system of a financialinstitution service provider used to store and manage financial data fora plurality of authorized users, and to protect access to the financialdata. Although the financial business is the example business describedherein, the invention is in no way limited to the financial business.Thus, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments, the serversystem 12 may be any computer system associated with any commercialentity service provider or governmental entity service provider thatstores confidential information and data generally corresponding to thebusiness or everyday operations of the commercial or governmental entityservice provider, and that controls access to the confidentialinformation and data. Although the exemplary embodiment is described asincluding one server system 12 corresponding to a financial institutionservice provider, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments aplurality of server systems 12 may be provided such that each of theplurality of server systems 12 is associated with a different serviceprovider.

It should be understood that the server system 12 is configured to storetherein a different unique user identifier for each authorized user suchthat each unique user identifier is associated with the financial dataof a respective authorized user. Moreover, it should be appreciated thatwhen a plurality of server systems 12 are provided, each server system12 associates a different unique user identifier with each authorizeduser having data stored therein, and that different server systems 12associate different unique user identifiers with a same authorized user.It should also be appreciated that the different server systems 12 maybe associated with service providers such as, but not limited to,hospitals, governmental agencies and educational institutions. Thus, forexample, a same authorized user associated with a hospital serviceprovider and an educational institutional service provider will have aunique user identifier for the hospital that is different from theunique user identifier for the educational institutional.

Moreover, the server system 12 includes a configurable policy thatidentifies a level of risk for each of a plurality of different types ofnetwork-based transactions. Furthermore, the server system 12 isconfigured to generate and transmit authentication requests when aworkstation end user attempts to conduct network-based transactions. Theauthentication requests are transmitted to the BAC system 16 and includeat least a request that the BAC system 16 authenticate the identity of aworkstation end user attempting to conduct a network-based transaction,prior to conducting the transaction.

Protected resources include any kind of resource or data that isprotected against access by unauthorized users. Such data includes, butis not limited to, confidential financial and health data records, datainherent in an e-mail, data stored in an electronic file system, anddata inherent in any kind of electronic communications. Consequently,because the data stored in the server system 12 is protected againstaccess by unauthorized users, the data stored in the server system 12 isa protected resource. It should be understood that each protectedresource stored in system 12 is associated with at least a correspondingone of the plurality of authorized users.

In the exemplary embodiment, the BAC system 16 includes components suchas, but not limited to, a web server, a disk storage device, a databasemanagement server and an authentication server arranged to be combinedinto a single structure. Although these components are combined into asingle structure in the exemplary embodiment, it should be appreciatedthat in other embodiments these components may be separately positionedat different locations and operatively coupled together in a networksuch as, but not limited to, a LAN, a WAN and the Internet. The diskstorage device may be used for storing at least enrollment data recordsof individuals, and the database management system may be used tofacilitate transferring data to and from the disk storage device. Theauthentication server is configured to perform matching of any featureor information associated with individuals to authenticate the identityof the individuals as described herein.

The BAC system 16 is configured to be communicatively coupled to theserver system 12 over the communications network 18, and to bewirelessly communicatively coupled to the communications device 20 overa communications network 22. Moreover, the BAC system 16 is configuredto facilitate reducing network-based transaction risks by authenticatingidentities of workstation users requesting access to the protectedresources stored in the server system 12. In the exemplary embodiment,the communications network 22 is a 3G communications network. However,it should be appreciated that in other embodiments the communicationsnetwork 22 may be any wireless network that facilitates authenticationas described herein, such as, but not limited to, W-Fi, Global Systemfor Mobile (GSM) and Enhanced Data for GSM Environment (EDGE). Althoughthe BAC system 16 is communicatively coupled to a single server system12 in the exemplary embodiment, it should be appreciated that the BACsystem 16 is configured to be communicatively coupled to a plurality ofserver systems 12.

It should be understood that as used herein, transaction risks are risksthat information required to access protected resources may besurreptitiously obtained by an unauthorized workstation user, orunauthorized entity, and used by the unauthorized user to conductfraudulent transactions involving the protected resources. Informationrequired to access protected resources may be any type of identifierthat may be used to verify the identity of an authorized user such as,but not limited to, unique user identifiers and a pass-phrases. Itshould be appreciated that unique user identifiers and pass-phrases arecharacter strings that may be any desired combination of letters,numbers, punctuation symbols and mathematical symbols.

The BAC system 16 is configured to store authentication data. In theexemplary embodiment, the authentication data is biometric data thatcorresponds to any biometric feature desired to be used as the basis ofauthenticating the identity of an individual. Thus, the BAC system 16 isconfigured to store biometric authentication data and is configured touse the biometric authentication data to authenticate identities ofusers desiring to conduct transactions that require accessing theprotected resources stored in the server system 12. Using biometrics asthe basis for authentication facilitates enhancing trust in the identityauthentication. In order to facilitate properly authenticatingidentities of workstation users desiring to conduct transactions thatrequire accessing the protected resources stored in the server system12, the BAC system 16 stores biometric authentication data in the formof enrollment data records obtained from each of the plurality ofauthorized users permitted to access the protected resources stored inthe server system 12.

The enrollment data records stored in the BAC system 16 also includepersonal data for each authorized user that is associated with theauthorized user's biometric data. The BAC system 16 also includes aconfigurable authentication policy that assigns biometric authenticationdata requirements to each of the different types of network-basedtransactions commensurate with the identified level of risk. It shouldbe appreciated that authorized workstation users as used herein, alsorefers to customers.

It should be appreciated that the BAC system 16 may include additionalauthentication policies which are used to determine biometric andpersonal data that are to be obtained from a user attempting to enrollin the BAC system 16. Moreover, the additional authentication policiesmay be used to determine which biometric data to obtain from aworkstation user attempting to conduct a network-based transaction.Furthermore, the BAC system 16 is configured to generate and transmitbiometric authentication data requests to at least the communicationsdevice 20. It should be understood that the biometric authenticationdata requests include biometric data, determined by the BAC system 16,that is to be captured from the workstation user attempting to conduct anetwork-based transaction.

In the exemplary embodiment, biometric data corresponding to anybiometric feature may be collected and stored as enrollment data recordsin the BAC system 16. Such biometric features include, but are notlimited to, face, fingerprint, iris and voice. Moreover, the biometricdata may take any form such as, but not limited to, images, photographs,templates and electronic data representations. It should be understoodthat personal data of an authorized user is associated with thebiometric data of the authorized user in the enrollment data recordsstored in the BAC system 16.

The term “personal data” as used herein includes any demographicinformation regarding an individual as well as contact informationpertinent to the individual. Such demographic information includes, butis not limited to, an individual's name, age, date of birth, address,citizenship and marital status. Contact information collected in theexemplary embodiment includes devices and methods for contacting theauthorized user, or customer. Specifically, in the exemplary embodiment,customers are required to designate a particular communications deviceused by the customer and to provide information regarding the designatedcommunications device that facilitates validating the designatedcommunications device as known, facilitates communicating with theauthorized user and facilitates authenticating the identity of theauthorized user. Such information includes, but is not limited to, acommunications device identifier of the designated communicationsdevice, a telephone number associated with the designated communicationsdevice, an e-mail address that can be accessed using the designatedcommunications device, or an identifier that facilitates sending shortmessage service (SMS) messages to the designated communications device.The information regarding the designated communications device is storedin the BAC system 16 and may be associated with the authorized user, orcustomer, of the designated device in the BAC system 16. Thus, it shouldbe appreciated that the communications device identifier may be storedin the BAC system 16 such that the communications device identifier maybe associated with the unique user identifier of the authorized user. Itshould be appreciated that the server system 12 may also be configuredto store therein the communications device identifier such that thecommunications device identifier may be associated with the uniqueidentifier of the authorized user in the system 12. It should beunderstood that in the exemplary embodiments described herein theportable communications device 20 is the designated communicationsdevice.

Although the authentication data is described as biometric data in theexemplary embodiment, it should be appreciated that in other embodimentsany other type of authentication data, or combinations of differenttypes of authentication data, may be used that facilitatesauthenticating the identity of a user as described herein. Such othertypes of authentication data include, but are not limited to, GlobalPositioning System (GPS) coordinates, unique pass-phrases, a combinationof biometric data with GPS coordinates, a combination of biometric datawith a unique pass-phrase, and a combination of GPS coordinates with aunique pass-phrase.

GPS coordinates may be determined for any GPS enabled device used by anauthorized user to communicate with the BAC system 16 and may be storedin the BAC system 16 as coordinate data. For example, GPS coordinatedata may be determined for workstation 14 and stored in the BAC system16 as home address coordinate data. A geographical area may beestablished relative to the home address coordinate data such that whenthe designated communications device is determined to be outside of thegeographical area, verification of a user desiring to conduct atransaction requiring access to the protected resources stored in theserver system 12 does not occur. However, when the designatedcommunications device is determined to be within the geographical area,the identity of the user desiring to conduct the transaction may beauthenticated as the authorized user having access to the protectedresources required to conduct the transaction. It should be appreciatedthat the geographical area may be a circle, centered about the homeaddress coordinate data, having a radius based on behavior of theauthorized user. For example, an authorized user having a fifty mileone-way commute to work may have a radius corresponding to the commutedistance, that is, fifty miles. However, it should be appreciated thatthe radius may be determined by any kind of user behavior and may be anycorresponding distance. Moreover, it should be appreciated that thegeographical area may have any shape and size that facilitatesauthenticating the identity of a user as described herein. Although theexample discussed herein uses the location of the workstation 14 todetermine the home address coordinate data, it should be appreciatedthat the home address coordinate data may be the GPS coordinate data ofany device, or combination of devices.

Unique pass-phrases may also be established for each authorized user andstored in the BAC system 16 such that a user desiring to conduct atransaction that requires accessing the protected resources stored inthe server system 12 provides the unique pass-phrase for authentication.Alternatively, unique pass-phrases may be collected from authorizedusers as personal data and stored in the BAC system 16. When the userprovides the correct unique pass-phrase, the user's identity isauthenticated as being that of the authorized user corresponding to theprovided unique pass-phrase. Otherwise, the user is not authenticated asthe authorized user and is prohibited from making the desiredtransaction.

In the exemplary embodiment the server system 12 and the BAC system 16are separate systems. The server system 12 is generally an existingcorporate or governmental entity service provider computer system thatdoes not include adequate authentication capabilities. The BAC system 16is an authentication system that is generally positioned at a differentlocation than the server system 12 and is configured to quickly connectto, and provide adequate authentication capabilities to, the serversystem 12. By accessing the BAC system 16, the server system 12 is ableto secure adequate authentication capabilities without purchasinghardware and software to implement authentication capabilities, andwithout incurring costs associated with training employees to use thehardware and software. Consequently, the BAC system 16 facilitatesquickly and inexpensively retrofitting existing computer systems toprovide adequate authentication. Thus, it should be appreciated that asdescribed herein, the server system 12 and the BAC system 16 aredifferent and are not the same device or system. Moreover, it should beappreciated that the BAC system 16 may be communicatively coupled with aplurality of other server systems 12 associated with other serviceproviders, such as medical service providers, that conduct network-basedtransactions requiring rigorous biometric authentication.

The workstation 14 is configured to be communicatively coupled to serversystem 12 via the communications network 18 and to wirelesslycommunicate with at least the communications device 20 over a network24. The workstation 14 includes devices, such as, but not limited to, aCD-ROM drive for reading data from computer-readable recording mediums,such as a compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM), a magneto-optical disc(MOD) and a digital versatile disc (DVD). Moreover, the workstation 14includes a display device, such as, but not limited to, a liquid crystaldisplay (LCD), a cathode ray tube (CRT) and a color monitor.Furthermore, the workstation 14 includes a printer and input devicessuch as, but not limited to, a mouse (not shown), keypad (not shown), akeyboard, and a microphone (not shown). Although a single workstation 14is described in the exemplary embodiment, it should be appreciated thatany number of workstations 14 may be configured to be communicativelycoupled to the server system 12 and to wirelessly communicate with atleast the communications device 20. In the exemplary embodiment thenetwork 24 operates using the Bluetooth wireless communicationsstandard. However, in other embodiments the network 24 may operate usingany wireless communications standard that facilitates authentication asdescribed herein.

The communications device 20 is configured to wirelessly communicatewith at least the BAC system 16 over the network 22 and wirelesslycommunicate with the workstation 14 over the network 24. Moreover, inthe exemplary embodiment, the communications device 20 is configured tocapture authentication data from users desiring to conduct a transactionthat requires accessing the protected resources stored in the serversystem 12. The communications device 20 includes at least one of buttonsand icons configured to at least enter commands, enter data and invokeapplications stored therein. Moreover, the communications device 20includes a display screen such as, but not limited to, a Liquid CrystalDisplay (LCD), and is configured to display any text or image on thedisplay screen. In the exemplary embodiment, the communications device20 is a portable cellular phone configured to at least display messagesand images, capture authentication data from a user, and transmit thecaptured authentication data to the BAC system 16.

Although the device 20 is a portable cellular phone in the exemplaryembodiment, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments thecommunications device 20 may be any portable communications devicecapable of at least displaying messages and images, and capturing andtransmitting authentication data. Such other portable communicationsdevices include, but are not limited to, a smart phone and any type ofportable communications device having wireless capabilities such as apersonal digital assistant (PDA).

Although the communications device 20 is configured to capture biometricdata in the exemplary embodiment, it should be appreciated that in otherembodiments the communications device 20 may be configured to captureany type of authentication data that facilitates verifying the identityof a user desiring to conduct a transaction that requires access to thedata stored in the server system 12. Such other types of authenticationdata include, but are not limited to, GPS coordinates and uniquepass-phrases. Thus, in other embodiments, the communications device 20may be configured to determine the GPS coordinates of the device 20 andtransmit the GPS coordinates to the BAC system 16. By determining theGPS coordinates of the device 20 and transmitting the GPS coordinates ofthe device 20 to the BAC system 16, the GPS coordinates of the device 20may be compared against the geographical area to determine whether theidentity of the user desiring to conduct the transaction may beauthenticated.

The server system 12 includes a processor (not shown) and a memory (notshown), the BAC system 16 includes a processor (not shown) and a memory(not shown), the communications device 20 includes a processor (notshown) and a memory (not shown), and the workstation 14 includes aprocessor (not shown) and a memory (not shown). It should be understoodthat, as used herein, the term processor is not limited to just thoseintegrated circuits referred to in the art as a processor, but broadlyrefers to a computer, an application specific integrated circuit, andany other programmable circuit. It should be understood that theprocessors execute instructions, or computer programs, stored in thememories (not shown) of the server system 12, the BAC system 16, thecommunications device 20 and the workstation 14, respectively. The aboveexamples are exemplary only, and are thus not intended to limit in anyway the definition and/or meaning of the term “processor.”

The memories (not shown) in the server system 12, the BAC system 16, thecommunications device 20 and the workstation 14, can be implementedusing any appropriate combination of alterable, volatile or non-volatilememory or non-alterable, or fixed, memory. The alterable memory, whethervolatile or non-volatile, can be implemented using any one or more ofstatic or dynamic RAM (Random Access Memory), a floppy disc and discdrive, a writeable or re-writeable optical disc and disc drive, a harddrive, flash memory or the like. Similarly, the non-alterable or fixedmemory can be implemented using any one or more of ROM (Read-OnlyMemory), PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM (ErasableProgrammable Read-Only Memory), EEPROM (Electrically ErasableProgrammable Read-Only Memory), an optical ROM disc, such as a CD-ROM orDVD-ROM disc, and disc drive or the like.

The memory (not shown) can be a computer-readable recording medium usedto store data in the server system 12, the BAC system 16, thecommunications device 20 and the workstation 14, and store computerprograms or executable instructions that are executed by the serversystem 12, the BAC system 16, the communications device 20 and theworkstation 14. Moreover, the memory (not shown) may include smartcards, SIMs or any other medium from which a computing device can readcomputer programs or executable instructions. As used herein, the term“computer program” is intended to encompass an executable program thatexists permanently or temporarily on any computer-readable recordablemedium that causes the computer or computer processor to execute theprogram.

It should be appreciated that the at least one workstation 14, thenetwork 18 and the server system 12 together constitute a firstcommunications channel. Moreover, it should be appreciated that thecommunications network 22 and the communications device 20 togetherconstitute a second communications channel separate and distinct fromthe first communications channel.

In the exemplary embodiment, a user purchases the communications device20 from a distributor authorized to register, and optionally enroll, thecommunications device 20 in the BAC system 16. Specifically, uponselling the communications device 20 to the user, the distributor storesthe communications device identifier of the communications device 20 inthe BAC system 16. Moreover, the distributor sets a state of thecommunications device 20 as not enrolled such that the non-enrolledstate is associated with the communications device identifier in the BACsystem 16. By virtue of storing the communications device identifier andassociating the communications device identifier with the non-enrolledstate in the BAC system 16, the communications device 20 is registeredin the BAC system 16.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart 26 illustrating an exemplary process for enrollinga communications device 20 in the BAC system 16. The process starts 28by invoking 30 a security application stored in the communicationsdevice 20 by activating an icon or button of the communications device20. After invoking 30 the security application, the communicationsdevice identifier of the communications device 20 is obtained 32. Next,the communications device 20 initiates communications with the BACsystem 16 and transmits the communications device identifier to the BACsystem 16. After receiving the communications device identifier, the BACsystem 16 determines whether or not the communications device 20 isknown 34. Specifically, the BAC system 16 compares the receivedcommunications device identifier against the communications deviceidentifiers stored therein, and determines that the communicationsdevice 20 is known 34 when the received communications device identifiermatches one of the communications device identifiers stored therein.When the received communications device identifier does not match one ofthe communications device identifiers stored in the BAC system 16, thecommunications device 20 is not known 34 and processing ends 36.

When the received communications device identifier is determined to beknown processing continues by determining the state 38 associated withthe one matching communications device identifier. Specifically, the BACsystem 16 determines whether the state of the one matchingcommunications device identifier is not enrolled. When the one matchingcommunications device identifier is enrolled 38, processing ends 36.However, when the one matching communications device identifier is notenrolled 38 processing continues by obtaining 40 required biometric andpersonal data of the user associated with the communications device 20,and determining whether the obtained biometric data is of sufficientquality 42 to be used for authenticating the identity associated withthe communications device 20. It should be appreciated that the BACsystem 16 determines which biometric and personal data are to becaptured or obtained in accordance with the authentication policies orrules stored therein. When the obtained biometric data is of sufficientquality 42, processing continues by storing 44 the obtained biometricand personal data in the BAC system 16 as enrollment data records, suchthat the biometric and personal data enrollment records are associatedwith the one matching communications device identifier. Otherwise, whenthe obtained biometric data is not of sufficient quality 42, thebiometric data may be obtained again 46 to obtain biometric data ofsufficient quality to use for authenticating identities as describedherein. In the exemplary embodiment, biometric data corresponding to therequired biometric data may be captured or obtained six times. Whenacceptable biometric data is not obtained 46 after six attemptsbiometric data is no longer obtained, instead, processing ends 36.However, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments biometricdata may be captured or obtained 46 any number of times that facilitatesauthenticating identities as described herein, or until sufficientquality levels are achieved.

Although processing ends 36 in the exemplary embodiment when acceptablebiometric data is not obtained 46 after six attempts, it should beappreciated that in other embodiments after six attempts alternativedifferent biometric data may be obtained 40. Moreover, it should beappreciated that in other embodiments any number of differentalternative biometric features, as well as any combination of differentbiometric features, may be obtained as the required biometric data andused for authenticating identities as described herein.

After obtaining biometric data of sufficient quality 42 and storing 44the obtained biometric and personal data, processing continues bydetermining that the state of the communications device 20 is enrolled48. It should be appreciated that in the exemplary embodiment, bystoring 44 the biometric and personal data records of the user in theBAC system 16 and by associating the biometric and personal data recordswith the one matching communications device identifier in the BAC system16, the communications device 20 is determined to be enrolled in the BACsystem 16 and the device 20 is determined to have an enrolled state 48.Thus, in the exemplary embodiment the state of the communications device20 in the BAC system 16 is set as enrolled 48. After setting 48 thestate of the communications device 20, processing ends 36.

It should be appreciated that in the exemplary embodiment the timebetween registering the communications device 20 in the BAC system 16and enrolling the communications device 20 in the BAC system 16 mayvary. For example, immediately after the distributor registers thecommunications device 20 in the BAC system 16 the user may elect to havethe distributor also enroll the communications device 20 in the BACsystem 16 according to the process described herein and as illustratedin FIG. 2. In contrast, after the distributor registers thecommunications device 20 in the BAC system 16 the user may elect toenroll the communications device 20 at a later time that is moreconvenient for the user. It should be appreciated that the user mayelect to enroll the communications device 20 himself at a later time, ormay elect to have any authorized distributor enroll the communicationsdevice 20 in the BAC system 16 at a later time. When the user elects toenroll the communications device 20 himself at a later time, thecommunications device 20 is enrolled according to strict guidelines thatrequire enrolling the communications device 20 within 4 minutes ofregistration. However, in other embodiments, it should be appreciatedthat the guidelines may require enrolling the communications device 20within any time of registration that facilitates ensuring that thebiometric and personal data are not obtained from an imposter. Moreover,in other embodiments the guidelines may require enrolling thecommunications device 20 according to any standard that ensures thebiometric and personal data are not obtained from an imposter.

It should be appreciated that in the exemplary embodiment, duringenrollment in the BAC system 16 the biometric and personal data areobtained with the communications device 20. However, it should beappreciated that in other embodiments the biometric and personal datamay be obtained in any manner that facilitates authenticating theidentity of users as described herein, including, but not limited to,loading the required biometric and personal data into the BAC system 16from external identity management systems or human resource managementsystems.

Although the identity of the financial institution service provider isnot obtained from the user in the exemplary embodiment, it should beappreciated that in other embodiments the identity of the financialinstitution service provider may be obtained from the user and stored inthe BAC system 16 such that the financial institution service provideridentity is associated with the one matching communications deviceidentifier in the BAC system 16. Moreover, it should be appreciated thatin other embodiments a plurality of different service providers may beassociated with the one matching communications device identifier. Thatis, the user may provide the identities of a plurality of differentservice providers that are to be stored in the BAC system 16 and are tobe associated with the same one matching communications deviceidentifier in the BAC system 16. It should be appreciated that eachdifferent service provider has a corresponding server system 12 thatstores therein at least unique user identifiers and correspondingprotected resources of respective authorized users. Thus, it should beunderstood that in other embodiments by virtue of the communicationsdevice identifier being associated with each of the different serviceprovider identities, the BAC system 16 may be associated with each ofthe corresponding server systems 12 such that the BAC system 16 is ableto determine the server systems 12 to communicate with for each user.

Although the BAC system 16 determines the state of the communicationsdevice 20 in the exemplary embodiment, it should be appreciated that inother embodiments the state of the communications device 20 may bedetermined by at least the server system 12, the communications device20 and the workstation 14. Moreover, it should be appreciated thatalthough the unique user identifier is not stored in the BAC system 16in the exemplary embodiment, in other embodiments the unique useridentifier may be stored in the BAC system 16 such that the unique useridentifier is associated with a corresponding communications deviceidentifier and enrollment data records stored therein.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart 50 illustrating an exemplary process for enrollinga user in the server system 12. The process starts 52 by obtaining 54 aunique user identifier from an authorized user and obtaining thecommunications device identifier of the communications device 20 of theauthorized user. The server system 12 stores 54 the unique useridentifier and the communications device identifier therein such thatthe unique user identifier is associated with the protected resources ofthe authorized user and such that the communications device identifieris associated with the unique user identifier. After obtaining 54 andstoring 54 the unique user identifier and the communications deviceidentifier, required personal data of the user is obtained 56 and stored56 in the server system 12 such that the personal data is associatedwith the corresponding unique user identifier and communications deviceidentifier. Processing then ends 58.

In the exemplary embodiment, the communications device identifier isalso stored in the BAC system 16 such that the communications deviceidentifier is associated with the biometric and personal data of theauthorized user stored in the BAC system 16. It should be understoodthat by virtue of associating the communications device identifier withthe unique user identifier in the server system 12, and associating thecommunications device identifier with the biometric and personal data ofthe authorized user stored in the BAC system 16, the communicationsdevice identifier functions to map data stored in the server system 12associated with the unique user identifier to data stored in the BACsystem 16 associated with the communications device identifier. Thus, itshould be appreciated that in the exemplary embodiment informationstored in the server system 12 facilitates mapping between data storedin the server system 12 and data stored in the BAC system 16.

Although the unique user identifier is stored in the server system 12and the communications device identifier is stored in both the serversystem 12 and the BAC system 16 in the exemplary embodiment, it shouldbe appreciated that in other embodiments the unique user identifier maybe stored in both the server system 12 and the BAC system 16, while thecommunications device identifier may be stored in only the BAC system16. It should be understood that in other embodiments the unique useridentifier may be stored in the BAC system 16 such that the unique useridentifier is associated with the corresponding communications deviceidentifier. Thus, in other embodiments, the unique user identifier mayfunction to map data stored in the BAC system 16 that is associated withthe authorized user's communications device identifier to data stored inthe server system 12 that is associated with the unique user identifier.Consequently, in other embodiments, information stored in the BAC system16 may be used to facilitate mapping between data stored in the BACsystem 16 and data stored in the server system 12.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a first exemplary configurable policy60 that is stored in the server system 12 and is for associating a levelof risk with each type of network-based transaction 62. Specifically,the policy 60 includes different types of network-based transactions 62requested by a user and a corresponding level of risk 64 such that eachnetwork-based transaction 62 is associated with a level of risk 64. Inthe exemplary embodiment the network-based transactions 62 may include,but are not limited to, viewing regional office locations, viewingactive accounts, viewing the active account balances, withdrawing fundsfrom the active accounts, transferring funds from the active accountsand closing any of the active accounts. However, in other embodiments itshould be appreciated that the network-based transactions 62 may be anyappropriate transaction that may be conducted with a financialinstitution.

The levels of risk 64 define categories or degrees of risk associatedwith a transaction 62 that vary from a highest level of risk 64 to alowest level of risk 64. In the exemplary embodiment, transactions 62that access a customer's active accounts, or that access regional officedata of the financial institution, are considered to have a lowest levelof risk. Consequently, a transaction 62 that accesses a customer'sactive accounts or regional office data is assigned a lowest level ofrisk 64. A transaction 62 that accesses the account balances of each ofthe active accounts warrants a greater degree of security because theaccount balances constitute privileged information. Thus, transactions62 that access the account balances are assigned a low level of risk 64.A transaction 62 that withdraws funds from any of the active accountswarrants an even greater degree of security because preventingunauthorized withdrawals is a primary concern of the customer and aprimary responsibility of the financial institution. Consequently, atransaction 62 that withdraws funds is assigned a high level of risk 64.A transaction 62 that closes an account is assigned a highest level ofrisk 64 because customers and financial institutions are concerned aboutunauthorized account closings.

It should be understood that in the exemplary embodiment the policy 60is generated by associating each of the plurality of network-basedtransactions 62 with a corresponding one of the levels of risk 64.Moreover, it should be understood that in the exemplary embodiment, thepolicy 60 may be reconfigured by defining the types of transactions 62and the levels of risk 64 in any desirable manner that facilitatesauthenticating the identity of a workstation user as an authorized user.Furthermore, the policy 60 may be reconfigured by changing thedefinitions of the transactions 62 and the levels of risk 64. Althoughthe exemplary embodiment includes one configurable policy 60 stored inthe server system 12, it should be appreciated that in other embodimentsany number of configurable policies 60 may be generated and stored inthe server system 12. That is, in other embodiments, additionalconfigurable policies 60 may be included that are appropriate for otherbusinesses or entities, such as, but not limited to, hospitals. Suchadditional policies 60 may include any transaction 62 appropriate forthe business or entity, such as, but not limited to, transactionsrequesting a patient's medical history records.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary configurableauthentication policy 66 that is stored in the BAC system 16, and is forassociating each of the levels of risk 64 with a corresponding biometricauthentication data requirement 68. Specifically, the authenticationpolicy 66 includes the same level of risk 64 definitions established inthe first configurable policy 60, as well as a biometric authenticationdata requirement 68 for use in authenticating the identity of a user.The authentication policy 66 is generated by associating a biometricauthentication data requirement 68 with each type of network-basedtransaction commensurate with the identified level of risk 64. Thus,each level of risk 64 that is associated with a network-basedtransaction 62 in the first exemplary policy 60 is also associated withan appropriate one of the biometric authentication data requirements 68in the authentication policy 66.

It should be appreciated that the biometric authentication datarequirements 68 indicate at least one biometric feature that is to becaptured from a user to authenticate the identity of the user as anauthorized user. The biometric features that are to be captured and usedfor identity authentication are determined by the level of risk 64. Itshould be appreciated that the higher the level of risk 64 the moredemanding the biometric authentication data requirement 68.

In order to facilitate enhancing increased trust in the authenticationresults, as the level of risk 64 associated with a transaction 62increases the number of different biometric features required forauthentication also increases. For example, a transaction 62 having alow level of risk 64 requires biometric data of a single biometricfeature such as voice biometric data. A transaction 62 having a highlevel of risk 64 requires biometric data of a plurality of differentbiometric features such as face and iris biometric data. It should beappreciated that the biometric authentication data requirement 68 for alevel of risk 64 may be a combination of the biometric authenticationdata requirements 68 appropriate for lesser levels of risk 64. Forexample, the biometric authentication data requirement 68 for thehighest level of risk 64 may be a combination of the biometricauthentication data requirements 68 of the high and low levels of risk64.

It should be understood that the authentication policy 66 may bereconfigured by defining the biometric authentication data requirements68 and the levels of risk 64 in any desirable manner that facilitatesauthenticating the identity of a user as an authorized user. Moreover,the policy 66 may be reconfigured by changing the definitions of thebiometric authentication data requirements 68 and the levels of risk 64.For example, the biometric authentication data requirement 68 for a highlevel risk 64 may be reconfigured such that the appropriate biometricauthentication data requirement 68 stipulates authenticating the userwith face, iris and fingerprint biometric data, instead of face and irisbiometric data. Although the exemplary embodiment includes oneauthentication policy 66 stored in the BAC system 16, it should beappreciated that in other embodiments any number of authenticationpolicies 66 may be generated and stored in the BAC system 16. It shouldbe understood that changes in levels of risk 64 are to be coordinatedbetween the first configurable policy 60 and the authentication policy66.

FIG. 6 is a diagram 70 illustrating exemplary risk factors 72 andassociated level of risk adjustments 74 that are for adjusting thelevels of risk 64. It should be understood that the levels of risk 64associated with the transactions 62 are not static measurements, butinstead are dynamic measurements that may be influenced by a variety ofrisk factors 72. Such risk factors 72 are defined by the BAC system 16and may include, but are not limited to, the time of day biometric datais captured by the communications device 20, the distance device 20 isfrom the home address when a transaction is initiated, and the length oftime that has passed since a transaction was previously conducted.Another such risk factor 72 may be the number of times a user hasattempted to conduct a transaction within a predetermined time period.That is, whether a user has attempted to conduct a transaction more thana maximum or more than an minimum number of times within a predeterminedperiod of time.

It should be understood that the policy 70 is generated such that eachlevel of risk adjustment 74 is associated with an appropriate one of therisk factors 72 and such that when one of the risk factors 72 isencountered, the level of risk 64 associated with the transaction 62 isadjusted according to the level of risk adjustment 74, prior todetermining the biometric authentication data requirement 68. Forexample, when a user attempts to conduct a transaction accessing theactive accounts data after normal business hours, the level of riskadjustment 74 requires increasing the level of risk 64 by one level ofrisk, that is, from lowest to low. As another example, when a user islocated less than or equal to a distance of ten miles from a homeaddress and attempts to conduct a transaction accessing the accountbalances data 62, the level of risk adjustment 74 requires decreasingthe level of risk 64 by one level of risk, that is, from low to lowest.However, if a user is located greater than a distance of ten miles fromthe home address and attempts to conduct the transaction accessing theaccount balances data 62, the level of risk adjustment 74 requiresincreasing the level of risk 64 by one level of risk, that is, from lowto high. As yet another example, when a predetermined period of time haselapsed since a user previously attempted to conduct a transactionaccessing any of the data stored in the server 12, the level of riskadjustment 74 requires increasing the level of risk 64 by one level ofrisk. Such predetermined periods of time include, but are not limitedto, one day, one week, two weeks, one month and three months. Moreover,it should be appreciated that the predetermined periods of time may bedetermined by the nature of the business entity. Although the level ofrisk adjustments 74 described herein involve increasing or decreasing anappropriate level of risk 64 by a single level of risk, it should beappreciated that in other embodiments the level of risk adjustments 74may be greater than a single level of risk 64.

Users generally access network provided resources remotely and navigateweb pages of web sites to conduct transactions therein that requireaccessing protected resources associated with customer accounts. Suchprotected resources include, but are not limited to, financial accountbalances and the amounts of financial account deposits and withdrawals.Such transactions include, but are not limited to, accessing accountbalances and withdrawing and transferring at least part of the protectedresources. For example, customers may desire to remotely check financialaccount balances or transfer funds electronically to pay everyday billssuch as the electric bill. It should be appreciated that due to securityconcerns associated with passwords used to access web pages overnetworks such as the Internet, merely entering a username and a passwordwhen remotely accessing a web page may not adequately protect access tothe protected resources against fraud.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart 76 illustrating an exemplary authenticationprocess used by the AC system 10 for reducing risks that network-basedtransactions may be conducted fraudulently, and FIG. 7A is acontinuation of the flowchart 76 of FIG. 7. For AC system 10 the processstarts 78 when a user at the workstation 14 navigates over a network toa web site of a financial institution service provider and attempts toconduct transactions in the web site. It should be appreciated that thefinancial institution service provider web site includes resources thatare accessible to the general public and protected resources that arenot accessible to the general public. Thus, users may conducttransactions 62 involving resources available to the public and conducttransactions 62 involving protected resources. By virtue of navigatingthe web page to indicate a desire to conduct a transaction 62, theworkstation user requests access to resources that are required for thetransaction 62.

In order to determine whether or not transactions require access toprotected resources 80, the server system 12 determines the level ofrisk 64 associated with the desired transaction 62. Specifically, theserver system 12 compares the desired transaction 62 against theplurality of transactions 62 included in the policy 60 stored therein.When the level of risk 64 associated with the desired transaction 62 isthe lowest level of risk 64, access to protected resources is notrequired 80 and the desired transaction 62 is automatically conducted82. For example, when the user desires to conduct a transaction 62merely determining regional office locations of the financialinstitution service provider, which transaction 62 has a lowest level ofrisk and thus does not require access to protected resources 80, theserver system 12 automatically conducts 82 the desired transaction 62 bypresenting the regional office locations on the display of workstation14. However, when the server system 12 determines that the desiredtransaction 62 is associated with a level of risk 64 greater than thelowest level of risk 64, the desired transaction 62 requires access toprotected resources and authentication is required to conduct thetransaction.

Processing continues by prompting the user to input his unique useridentifier 84 at the workstation 14. In the exemplary embodiment, theworkstation user inputs 84 the unique user identifier into a text boxincluded in the display of the workstation 14. However, it should beappreciated that in other embodiments, any method may be used to input84 the unique user identifier that facilitates authenticating identitiesas described herein. Such methods include, but are not limited to,reading the unique user identifier from a smart card.

After inputting the unique user identifier 84, the server system 12determines whether or not the unique user identifier is known 86 bycomparing the inputted unique user identifier against the useridentifiers stored therein. When the inputted unique user identifierdoes not match a user identifier stored in the system 12, the uniqueuser identifier is not known and processing ends 88.

However, when the inputted unique user identifier matches a useridentifier stored in the system 12, the inputted unique user identifieris determined to be known 86. Next, the system 12 determines thecommunications device identifier associated with the matching useridentifier and transmits the associated communications device identifierto the BAC system 16. After determining that the unique user identifieris known, the BAC system 16 determines whether the communications device20 is enrolled 90 therein. Specifically, the BAC system 16 compares theassociated communications device identifier against communicationsdevice identifiers stored therein. Upon determining a match between theassociated communications device identifier and one of thecommunications device identifiers stored in the BAC system 16, the BACsystem 16 consults the state associated with the one matchingcommunications device identifier. When the state of the one matchingcommunications device identifier is enrolled 90, processing continues bydetermining the level of risk 64 associated with the desired transaction62, and generating and transmitting an authentication request 92.Otherwise, when the state associated with the one communications deviceidentifier is not enrolled 90, processing ends 88.

After the BAC system 16 determines that the state of the one matchingcommunications device is enrolled 90, the BAC system 16 notifies thesystem 12 that the communications device 20 associated with the inputtedunique user identifier is enrolled. In response, the server system 12compares the desired transaction 62 against the plurality oftransactions 62 included in the policy 60 stored therein, to determine92 the level of risk 64 associated with the desired transaction 62.

After determining 92 the level of risk 64 associated with the desiredtransaction 62, the server system 12 generates an authentication request92 and transmits the authentication request 92 to the BAC system 16 overthe first communications channel. It should be understood that theauthentication request contains at least an identification number of theserver system 12, a transaction identifier, the level of risk 64associated with the desired transaction 62 and a customer identificationnumber. It should be understood that each transaction identifier is analphanumeric character string that may be any desired combination ofletters and numbers.

Next, upon receiving the authentication request, the BAC system 16extracts the level of risk 64 from the authentication request andconsults the authentication policy 66 to determine 94 the biometricauthentication data requirement 68 that corresponds to the extractedlevel of risk 64. The BAC system 16 compares the extracted level of riskagainst the levels of risk 64 to determine 94 and identify thecorresponding biometric authentication data requirement 68.Specifically, the biometric authentication data requirement 68 isdetermined 94 to be the biometric authentication data requirement 68that corresponds to the level of risk 64 that matches the extractedlevel of risk. After determining 94 the biometric authentication datarequirement 68, the BAC system 16 generates a biometric authenticationdata capture request and transmits the biometric authentication datacapture request to the server system 12 over the first communicationschannel. The biometric authentication data capture request includes thebiometric authentication data requirement 68. It should be appreciatedthat in other embodiments upon receiving the authentication request, theBAC system 16 may automatically transmit a message to the communicationsdevice 20 over the second communications channel. Such messages include,but are not limited to, messages that wake-up the device 20 or thatinvoke the security application stored in the device 20.

Upon receiving the biometric authentication data capture request, theserver system 12 generates and transmits a message to the workstation 14that includes the biometric authentication data requirement 68. Inresponse, the user obtains the communications device 20 and invokes thesecurity application stored therein by activating an icon or button ofthe communications device 20. After invoking the security application,the communications device identifier of the communications device 20 isobtained. Next, the security application causes the communicationsdevice 20 to initiate communications with the BAC system 16 and transmitthe communications device identifier to the BAC system 16. Afterreceiving the communications device identifier, the BAC system 16validates 96 the communications device 20 by determining whether thecommunications device 20 is known. Specifically, the BAC system 16compares the received communications device identifier against thecommunications device identifiers stored therein, and determines thatthe communications device 20 is known when the received communicationsdevice identifier matches one of the communications device identifiersstored therein. Otherwise, when the received communication deviceidentifier does not match one of the communications device identifiersstored in the BAC system 16, the communications device 20 is notvalidated 96, and processing ends 88.

After validating 96 the communications device 20, processing continuesby determining whether or not the communications device 20 is enrolled98 in the BAC system 16. Specifically, the BAC system 16 determineswhether the state of the one matching communications device identifieris enrolled. When the state of the one matching communications deviceidentifier is not enrolled 98 in the BAC system 16, processing ends 88.However, when the state of the one matching communications deviceidentifier is enrolled 98, the BAC system 16 continues by determiningwhether or not a transaction is pending 100 for the communicationsdevice 20. If a transaction is not pending 100, processing ends 88.However, if a transaction is pending 100, processing continues such thatthe BAC system 16 determines whether or not a plurality of transactionsis pending 102. It should be appreciated that transactions 62 areconsidered to be pending when the user indicates a desire to conduct atransaction 62, but does not biometrically authenticate as required tocomplete the transaction 62.

It should be appreciated that in the exemplary embodiment, a pluralityof transactions 62 requiring biometric authentication may be pendingsimultaneously. For example, after navigating to the website of thefinancial institution service provider and indicating a desire toconduct a transaction 62 for withdrawing funds, the user may decide notto authenticate as required to complete the transaction 62. Instead, theuser may decide to open another window and navigate to the web site of ahospital and indicate a desire to conduct a transaction 62 for reviewinghis health records, and decide not to biometrically authenticate asrequired to complete the hospital transaction. By virtue of notauthenticating as required to withdraw funds, and not authenticating toreview the health records, each of these transactions is considered tobe a pending transaction. Thus, a plurality of transactions 62 may bepending simultaneously in the exemplary embodiment. It should beappreciated that each of the plurality of transactions remains pendingfor a finite period of time. That is, in the exemplary embodiment, eachof the pending transactions expires two minutes after the user indicatesa desire to conduct the transaction 62. However, it should beappreciated that in other embodiments each of the pending transactionsmay expire after any length of time that facilitates authenticatingidentities as described herein.

If a plurality of transactions is not pending 102, processing continuesby obtaining the biometric data capture request and capturing 104biometric authentication data 68 in accordance with the biometric datacapture request. However, when a plurality of transactions is pending102 processing continues by displaying 106 the pending transactions 62in the display of the communications device 20. The user chooses one ofthe displayed transactions 106 to conduct, the server system 12determines the level of risk 64 associated with the chosen transaction106, and the BAC system 16 determines 108 the biometric authenticationdata requirement 68 associated with the chosen transaction 106.Processing then continues by requesting 104 the biometric authenticationdata 68 determined at operation 108. Although the exemplary embodimentuses the authentication policy 66 to determine the biometricauthenticate data requirement 68, it should be appreciated that in otherembodiments an authentication policy may not be available. In such otherembodiments, all available data may be collected regardless of thetransaction type, the data obtained may be determined by the user, theuser may be repeatedly prompted for authentication data until sufficientauthentication data is obtained, or the BAC system 16 may determine notto proceed.

It is assumed that the authorized user associated with the inputtedunique user identifier is in possession of the device 20 and can becontacted using the communications device 20. Thus, by virtue ofvalidating the device 96 and transmitting the biometric authenticationdata capture request to the communications device 20, the biometricauthentication data capture request is considered to be transmitted tothe authorized user associated with the inputted unique user identifier.It should be understood that the authentication data is to be capturedby and transmitted from a single communications device that isout-of-band with the workstation 14. That is, any communications deviceseparate and distinct from the workstation 14, and that communicates ona different channel than the workstation 14. Communications device 20 issuch an out-of-band communications device. Thus, after reading, orobtaining, the biometric authentication data capture requesttransmission from the communications device display, the user obtains orcaptures biometric authentication data 104 in accordance with thebiometric authentication data capture request transmission with thecommunications device 20.

Next, in the exemplary embodiment, the BAC system 16 evaluates thecaptured biometric data to verify that the captured biometric data is ofsufficient quality 110 usable in determining a sufficient qualitycomparison match and related numerical score. When biometric data ofsufficient quality is obtained 110, processing continues byauthenticating the identity 112 of the workstation user as theauthorized user. However, when the quality of the obtained biometricdata is insufficient 110, processing continues by again capturing 114all of the requested biometric authentication data. It should beappreciated that part of the captured biometric data may be ofsufficient quality while other parts of the captured biometric data maybe of insufficient quality. Thus, in other embodiments only the capturedbiometric data of insufficient quality may be captured or obtained again114. Moreover, in other embodiments instead of capturing the samebiometric data again 114, additional different biometric authenticationdata may be captured in order to achieve a required biometric dataconfidence level.

In the exemplary embodiment, biometric authentication data correspondingto the requested biometric authentication data may be captured 114 sixtimes. When acceptable biometric authentication data is not capturedafter six attempts, processing ends 88. However, it should beappreciated that in other embodiments biometric data may be captured anynumber of times 114.

Although processing ends 88 in the exemplary embodiment when acceptablebiometric authentication data is not provided after six attempts, itshould be appreciated that in other embodiments after six attempts,instead of capturing 114 the same biometric data again, differentbiometric authentication data may be requested 104 for authentication,captured 104, and evaluated for sufficient quality 110. Moreover, itshould be appreciated that in other embodiments any number of differentalternative biometric features, as well as any combination of differentalternative biometric features, may be captured 104 as biometricauthentication data. After a user has repeatedly captured biometric data104, 110, 114 of insufficient quality, the user may contact thefinancial institution service provider and notify the financialinstitution service provider that a problem may exist in theauthentication system.

Next, processing continues by transmitting the captured biometric datafrom the communications device 20 to the BAC system 16 over the secondcommunications channel, and validating the identity of the user 112.More specifically, the captured biometric data is compared 112 againstbiometric data of an authorized user that is associated with the onematching communications device identifier that is stored in the BACsystem 16. The comparison 112 is such that a numerical score, based onthe quality of the comparison match, is determined for at least onebiometric comparison match. It should be appreciated that a numericalscore based on the quality of a comparison match, may be determined foreach of a plurality of different biometric comparison matches. Thus, aplurality of numerical scores may also be determined. The numericalscores for each comparison match are combined using any desirablemathematical computation to yield a confidence score, and the user isidentified as the authorized user associated with the entered useridentifier when the confidence score is at least equal to apredetermined threshold value. It should be appreciated that theconfidence scores are based on how well captured biometric data matchagainst the corresponding biometric data stored in the BAC system 16.

By virtue of being at least equal to the predetermined threshold value,the confidence scores reflect an adequate level of trust in theauthentication result. Moreover, it should be appreciated that as themargin by which the confidence score exceeds the predetermined thresholdincreases, the trust in the authentication result also increases. Thepredetermined threshold value may be changed depending on factors suchas, but not limited to, the time of year. For example, during theChristmas shopping season the likelihood of fraud may be greater thanduring other times of the year. Consequently, the predeterminedthreshold value may be increased during the Christmas shopping season.However, it should be appreciated that the predetermined threshold valuemay be changed on any basis that facilitates validating the identity ofa user 112 as described herein.

When the identity of the workstation user is validated 112 as theauthorized user associated with the inputted unique user identifier, theBAC system 16 generates, stores and transmits a one-time pass-phrase(OTPP) 116 to the communications device 20 over the secondcommunications channel, and the communications device 20 automaticallydisplays the transmitted OTPP. Otherwise, when the identity of the userat workstation 14 is not validated 112 as being the authorized userassociated with the inputted unique user identifier, processing ends 88.

After transmitting the OTPP 116 to the communications device 20, thecommunications device 20 displays the OTPP transmission such that theuser is able to obtain 118 the received OTPP by reading thecommunications device 20 display, and manually enters 118 the OTPP intoa pass-phrase text input box at the workstation 14. Next, theworkstation 14 transmits 120 the OTPP to the server system 12, and theserver system 12 in turn transmits 120 the OTPP to the BAC system 16 forvalidation 122.

The BAC system 16 validates 122 the OTPP by comparing the OTPP receivedfrom the server system 12 against the OTPP stored in the BAC system 16and transmitted to the communications device 20 by the BAC system 16.Moreover, the BAC system 16 verifies that the OTPP has not expired. Whenthe OTPP received from the server system 12 matches the OTPP transmittedto the communications device 20, and the OTPP has not expired, the OTPPis validated 122 and the user is permitted to conduct 82 the desiredtransaction 62. It should be appreciated that upon successfullyvalidating 122 the OTPP, a message indicating that the OTPP wasvalidated is presented to the user at the workstation 14 and the OTPP isdeleted from each element of the AC system 10. Otherwise, when the OTPPis not successfully validated 122, processing ends 88. Although theexemplary embodiment compares the OTPP received from the server system12 against the OTPP transmitted to the communications device 20, itshould be appreciated that in other embodiments the received OTPP may becompared against a specific transaction from the financial institutionservice provider. It should be appreciated that in addition tofacilitating increased trust in authentication results, that providingthe OTPP facilitates implementing the authentication process describedherein on legacy type computer systems.

After granting the user access to the protected resources to conduct 82the desired transaction 62, the server system 12 monitors the time 124which has elapsed since access was granted 82. When a predetermined timeperiod has elapsed 126, such as fifteen minutes, access to the financialinstitution web page is denied. It should be appreciated that afteraccess is granted 82, the server system 12 also monitors the time 124during which no transactions are performed on the webpage. Access to thefinancial institution web page is also denied after a predeterminedperiod of inactivity, such as five minutes. After access is denied 126,the user may indicate whether or not he would like to continue 128accessing the financial institution service provider web page. When theuser desires to continue 128 accessing the financial institution webpage 126, processing continues by capturing the requested biometricauthentication data 104. Otherwise, when the user does not desire tocontinue accessing 128 the financial institution web page, processingends 88. Thus, in the exemplary embodiment the process illustrated bythe flowchart 76 enables network-based transactions to be conducted withgreater security and thereby facilitates reducing risks thatnetwork-based transactions may be conducted fraudulently.

Although the user chooses one of the displayed pending transactions 106in the exemplary embodiment, it should be appreciated that in otherembodiments the server system 12 and BAC system 16 may automaticallydetermine a single biometric authentication data requirement 68 thatfacilitates simultaneously authenticating all of the pendingtransactions such that the user may conduct all of the pendingtransactions after a single authentication. Specifically, in such otherembodiments, the server system 12 may consult the policy 60 to determinethe level of risk 64 associated with each pending transaction 62. Next,the server system 12 may compare the levels of risk for each transactionand determine which transaction has the greatest level of risk 64. Theserver system 12 then communicates the greatest level of risk 64 to theBAC system 16 such that the BAC system 16 is able to determine thebiometric authentication data requirement 68 corresponding to thegreatest level of risk 64. The BAC system 16 then includes at least thedetermined biometric authentication data requirement 68 in a subsequentbiometric authentication data capture request and transmits the requestto the server 12. The biometric authentication data corresponding to thegreatest level of risk 64 is captured with the device 20 and used toauthenticate the user. It should be understood that by virtue ofauthenticating to the greatest level of risk 64, all of the otherpending transactions are also adequately authenticated because the otherpending transactions necessarily have a lower level of risk 64.

Although the BAC system 16 transmits a message to the server system 12after determining the biometric authentication data requirement 68 atoperation 94 in the exemplary embodiment, it should be appreciated thatin other embodiments, after determining the biometric authenticationdata requirement 68 at either of operations 94 and 108, the BAC system16 may generate and transmit a biometric authentication data capturerequest directly to the communications device 20, over the secondcommunications channel. Upon receiving the biometric authentication datacapture request transmission, the communications device 20 verifies thatthe biometric authentication data capture request was transmitted fromthe BAC system 16. When it is determined that the biometricauthentication data capture request was transmitted from the BAC system16, the security application stored in the device 20 causes the device20 to display the authentication data capture request. However, when thebiometric authentication data capture request cannot be verified asbeing transmitted from the BAC system 16, processing ends.

Although the BAC system 16 verifies that the OTPP transmitted from theserver system 12 is the same as that transmitted to the communicationsdevice 20 from the BAC system 16 in the exemplary embodiment, it shouldbe appreciated that in other embodiments any other device may verify anOTPP match that facilitates verifying the identity of a user asdescribed herein. For example, instead of transmitting the OTPP only tothe communications device 20, the BAC system 16 may also transmit theOTPP to the server system 12 at the same time the OTPP is transmitted tothe communications device 20. By virtue of simultaneously transmittingthe OTPP to the server 12 and the communications device 20, the OTPPverification may be securely performed at the server 12. Doing sofacilitates reducing the time required to authenticate and grant accessto a user.

Although the exemplary embodiment describes protected resources storedas electronic data in the server system 12 that are accessible over theinternet, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments theprotected resources may take any form and be accessed in any manner. Forexample, in other embodiments the protected resource may be a boxcontaining one million dollars that is stored in a room. The room mayhave a door with an electronic lock system, configured to communicatewith the system 12 and the BAC system 16, that is capable of reading asmart card to input the unique user identifier of an individualattempting to gain access. Such an electronic lock system may facilitateauthenticating an individual in accordance with the authenticationprocess described above and as illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 7A, to reducerisks that a transaction involving removing the protected resource fromthe room is not conducted fraudulently. Upon properly authenticating theindividual the electronic lock system opens the door to permit access tothe protected resource. It should be appreciated that instead ofnavigating to a web page as in the exemplary embodiment, in otherembodiments a workstation user may merely activate a thick clientapplication stored in the workstation 14.

Although the exemplary embodiment uses captured biometric data forverifying the identity of the user as the authorized user, it should beappreciated that in other alternative embodiments any kind of data maybe used to verify the identity of a user as an authorized user. Suchdata includes, but is not limited to, GPS coordinates.

The information shown in FIGS. 8 and 8A is the same information shown inFIGS. 7 and 7A, respectively, as described in more detail below. Assuch, components illustrated in FIGS. 8 and 8A that are identical tocomponents illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 7A, are identified using the samereference numerals used in FIGS. 7 and 7A.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart 130 illustrating an alternative exemplaryauthentication process used by the AC system 10 for reducing risks thatnetwork-based transactions may be conducted fraudulently, and FIG. 8A isa continuation of the flowchart 130 of FIG. 8. This alternativeembodiment is similar to that shown in FIGS. 7 and 7A, respectively.However, the biometric authentication data requirement 68 is determinedby a capture level security application stored in the communicationsdevice 20. More specifically, after determining 90 that thecommunications device 20 associated with the inputted unique identifieris enrolled 90, the server system 12 determines 132 the level of risk 64of the desired transaction 62, and generates and transmits anauthentication request to the BAC system 16. In response to theauthentication request, the BAC system 16 determines an authenticationcapture level 134 corresponding to a biometric authenticationrequirement 68 of the desired transaction 62. Moreover, the BAC system16 generates and transmits a biometric authentication data capturerequest 134 including at least the authentication capture level to theserver system 12. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that thebiometric authentication data capture request specifies that the capturelevel security application included in the device 20 is to be used fordetermining the biometric authentication data requirement 68 for thedesired transaction 62 through use, in part, of the authenticationcapture level 134 specified in the capture level message transmitted bythe server system 12.

In this alternative embodiment each level of risk 64 is associated withan authentication capture level. Specifically, the lowest, low, high andhighest levels of risk 64 are associated with authentication capturelevels 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. For example, a transaction 62 towithdraw funds is associated with an authentication capture level of 3because withdrawing funds 62 has a high level of risk 64. Thus, byvirtue of being associated with a particular level of risk 64, each ofthe authentication capture levels is also associated with the biometricauthentication data requirement 68 corresponding to the particular levelof risk 64. Although this alternative embodiment designates theauthentication capture levels with numbers, it should be appreciatedthat in other embodiments any method may be used to designate theauthentication capture levels that facilitates authenticating identitiesas described herein. Such methods include, but are not limited to,designating the capture levels with letters or colors, or simply usingthe lowest, low, high, or highest level of risk 64 designations.

Upon receiving the biometric authentication data capture request, theserver system 12 transmits a capture level message to the workstation136 that includes the capture level of the desired transaction 62 andspecifies that the capture level security application included in thedevice 20 is to be used for determining the biometric authenticationdata requirement 68 for the transaction 62. Upon receiving theauthentication capture level transmission, the workstation 14 displays amessage including the authentication capture level prompting the user toenter the displayed authentication capture level into the communicationsdevice 20. Next, the user obtains the authentication capture level 136from the workstation 14 and invokes the capture level securityapplication 136 stored in the communications device 20 by activating anappropriate icon or button of the communications device 20.

Upon invoking the capture level security application 136, a messageappears on the display of the communications device 20 that prompts theuser to input the authentication capture level 138 into thecommunications device 20. After inputting the authentication capturelevel 138, the communications device 20 displays the correspondingbiometric authentication data requirement 68. For example, afterobtaining the authentication capture level of 3 from the workstation 14,the user inputs the capture level of 3 into the device 20. In responseto inputting the capture level of 3, the capture level securityapplication causes the communications device 20 to display the biometricauthentication data 68 to be captured. Specifically, the communicationsdevice 20 displays a message indicating that the user is to capture faceand iris biometric data. The user then captures or obtains 138 thebiometric data in accordance with the biometric authentication datarequirement 68 using the communications device 20, and transmits 138 thecaptured biometric data from the communications device 20 to the BACsystem 16.

After conducting operations 96 and 98, and determining that atransaction is pending 100, processing continues such that the BACsystem 16 verifies that biometric data of sufficient quality 110 wascaptured that may be used to determine a sufficient quality comparisonmatch and related numerical score. When biometric data of sufficientquality is captured 110, processing continues by validating the identity112 of the user as the authorized user. However, in this alternativeembodiment, when the quality of the captured biometric data is notsufficient 110, processing continues by capturing 114 all of therequested biometric authentication data. However, it should beappreciated that in other embodiments a portion of the captured 138biometric data may be of sufficient quality such that all of therequested biometric authentication data need not be captured or obtainedagain 114. Thus, in other embodiments, insufficient quality biometricauthentication data may be captured again 114 or additional biometricauthentication data may be captured in order to achieve a requiredbiometric data confidence level.

In the exemplary embodiment, biometric authentication data correspondingto the requested biometric authentication data may be captured orobtained 114 six times. When acceptable biometric authentication data isnot captured after six attempts, processing ends 88. However, it shouldbe appreciated that in other embodiments biometric data may be capturedor obtained any number of times 114.

Although processing ends 88 in the exemplary embodiment when acceptablebiometric authentication data is not provided after six attempts, itshould be appreciated that in other embodiments after six attempts,instead of capturing or obtaining 114 the same biometric data again,different biometric authentication data may be requested and captured138, and evaluated for sufficient quality 110. Moreover, it should beappreciated that in other embodiments any number of differentalternative biometric features, as well as any combination of differentalternative biometric features, may be captured 138 as biometricauthentication data. After a user has repeatedly captured biometric data138, 110, 114 of insufficient quality, the user may contact thefinancial institution service provider and notify the financialinstitution service provider that a problem may exist in theauthentication system.

Next, processing continues by validating the identity of the user 112 inaccordance with the method described herein with regard to the exemplaryembodiment. When the identity of the workstation user is validated 112as the authorized user associated with the inputted unique useridentifier, the BAC system 16 notifies the server system 12 that theuser has been validated as the authorized user and the server system 12grants the user access to the protected resources required to conduct 82the desired transaction 62. Thus, in this alternative embodiment theprocess illustrated by the flowchart 130 also enables network-basedtransactions to be conducted with greater security and therebyfacilitates reducing risks that network-based transactions may beconducted fraudulently.

Although the process described in the alternative embodiment does notinclude an OTPP, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments anOTPP may be included. In such other embodiments the communicationsdevice 20 should also be authenticated by the BAC system 16 when thecommunications device 20 is validated. It should be appreciated that theuser may make a typographical error when manually entering the OTPP.Thus, it should be appreciated that in other embodiments the OTPP may beentered using any method such as, but not limited to, automaticallytransmitting the OTPP to the workstation 14. Specifically, the OTPP maybe automatically transmitted as a result of the user pressing an icon orbutton on the device 20 in response to a prompt to automaticallytransmit the OTPP, or the OTPP may be automatically transmitted to theworkstation 14 without pressing an icon or button. It should beunderstood that upon receiving the OTPP, the communications device 20may prompt the user to select between manually entering the OTPP in theworkstation 14 or automatically transmitting the OTPP to the workstation14. The user may enter an input indicating which to choose by pressingan appropriate icon or button of the communications device 20.

It should be appreciated that in the exemplary embodiments describedherein, the workstation 14, server system 12, and network 18 constitutea first communications channel and that the communications device 20 andwireless network 22 constitute a second communications channel. Inresponse to a communication from the first communications channel,subsequent communications are caused to occur over the secondcommunications channel. Specifically, the BAC system 16 initiates anauthentication process over the second channel with the device 20 inresponse to an authentication request received over the firstcommunications channel. The BAC system 16 receives captured biometricdata from the device 20 and biometrically authenticates the workstationuser. Thus, by virtue of a communication over the first channel,communications are caused to be transmitted and received over the secondcommunications channel that enable facilitating authentication of theworkstation user on the first communications channel. Moreover, itshould be appreciated that communications over the first channel,occurring after biometric authentication over the second channel, aremore secure due to the high level of trust inherent with biometricauthentication results.

Attackers that are able to monitor communications and phish for usernames and passwords over the first communications channel are not awareof the second communications channel, and thus cannot monitorcommunications and phish over the second channel. As a result, securityof network-based transactions is facilitated to be increased and ease ofintegration with existing legacy systems is facilitated to be enhanced.

It should be understood that the server system 12, workstation 14, BACsystem 16 and communications device 20 may be configured to communicatein any manner, and in any order, to authenticate users as authorizedusers and thus reduce risks that network-based transactions may beconducted fraudulently.

In the exemplary embodiments described herein, the BAC system 16authenticates users as authorized users. It should be understood that asdescribed herein the communications device 20 is not configured to storebiometric data, is not configured to biometrically authenticateworkstation users as authorized users, and is not configured to generateone-time pass-phrases due to security concerns associated with thecommunications device 20. Specifically, by virtue of being a relativelysmall and portable device the communications device 20 may be easilylost or stolen. When the communications device 20 is stolen, anyconfidential data stored therein may be discovered. Thus, ifconfidential data such as biometric data is stored in the communicationsdevice 20, the biometric data may be discovered and used to authenticatean unauthorized user as an authorized user such that the unauthorizeduser is able conduct fraudulent network-based transactions. By storingconfidential enrollment data in the BAC system 16, separate from thecommunications device 20, the security of the confidential enrollmentdata is facilitated to be enhanced such that unauthorized users cannotobtain the biometric data to conduct fraudulent network-basedtransactions.

It should be appreciated that biometrically authenticating identitiesfacilitates increasing the level of trust that a user attempting toconduct a transaction requiring access to protected resources is anauthorized user. Moreover, it should be appreciated that providing anOTPP contingent on successfully biometrically authenticating the userenhances the level of trust in an authentication result. Furthermore, itshould be understood that by virtue of using an out-of-bandcommunications device, separate and distinct from the workstation 14,for capturing and transmitting biometric data and for receiving andtransmitting the OTPP, an additional level of security is provided whichalso facilitates increasing the trust in an authentication result thatindicates a user attempting to access protected resources is anauthorized user. By implementing a higher authentication standard, it ismore difficult for an unauthorized user to be authenticated as anauthorized user. Thus, by virtue of facilitating an increase in trust inan authentication result that indicates a user is an authorized user,the processes and systems described herein facilitate increasing thesecurity of protected resources. Moreover, by virtue of facilitating anincrease in the security of protected resources, the processes andsystems described herein facilitate reducing risks that network-basedtransactions will be conducted fraudulently.

The processes and systems described herein facilitate increasing thelevel of trust in network-based authentication results, and thusfacilitate reducing risks that network-based transactions will beconducted fraudulently. The processes and systems described herein arebelieved to be applicable to many different businesses for reducingrisks that network-based transactions associated with these differentbusinesses will not be conducted fraudulently. Although the exampleembodiment described herein is the financial business, the invention isin no way limited to the financial business. For example, the inventionmay also be used to facilitate reducing risks that network-based medicalrecord transactions will be fraudulently conducted by an unauthorizeduser.

In each embodiment, the above-described processes for authenticating theidentity of an individual desiring to conduct network-basedtransactions, facilitate reducing risks that data or information used inconducting the transaction will be obtained and fraudulently used by anunauthorized user. In one exemplary embodiment, a level of riskassociated with a transaction is determined each time a workstation userattempts to conduct a transaction, and biometric data corresponding tothe level of risk may be captured from the workstation user at acommunications device and used for biometrically authenticating theworkstation user. Upon proper biometric authentication, a one-timepass-phrase is forwarded to the communications device and transferredfrom the communications device to the workstation to facilitateauthenticating the workstation user as an authorized user.

In yet another exemplary embodiment, a capture level is associated witheach level of risk and is entered into a communications device todetermine biometric authentication data to be captured and used forauthentication. Upon proper biometric authentication, the authorizeduser is granted access to the protected resources and is permitted toconduct the transaction therein. As a result, in each exemplaryembodiment, the level of trust in the authentication result isfacilitated to be increased, the level of risk associated withconducting transactions over a network is facilitated to be reduced, andcosts incurred due to users perpetuating fraud upon a network arefacilitated to be reduced. Accordingly, network-based transaction risksare facilitated to be reduced and network-based transactions arefacilitated to be enhanced in a cost effective and reliable manner.

Exemplary embodiments of authentication processes and systems thatfacilitate reducing risks that network-based transactions will befraudulently conducted are described above in detail. The processes arenot limited to use with the specific computer system embodimentsdescribed herein, but rather, the processes can be utilizedindependently and separately from other processes described herein.Moreover, the invention is not limited to the embodiments of theprocesses and systems described above in detail. Rather, othervariations of the processes may be utilized within the spirit and scopeof the claims.

While the invention has been described in terms of various specificembodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the inventioncan be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of theclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for authenticating users comprising:determining, by a processor, a state of a communications device asenrolled or not enrolled, the communications device being associatedwith a user; when the state of the communications device is enrolled,determining, by the processor, based on a user request to conduct atransaction, a risk level for the transaction, the request beingreceived from the communications device and the transaction forunlocking an electronic door lock; determining, based on the transactionrisk level, a biometric parameter for authenticating the user;authenticating the user based on the biometric parameter; andtransmitting a message to the electronic door lock after successfullyauthenticating the user, the message being an instruction to unlock thedoor.
 2. A method for authenticating users in accordance with claim 1,said determining, based on the transaction risk level, step comprisingdetermining, based on the policy, the parameter for authenticating theuser.
 3. A computing device for authenticating users comprising: aprocessor; and a memory configured to store data, said computing devicebeing associated with a network and said memory being in communicationwith said processor and having instructions stored thereon which, whenexecuted by said processor, cause said computing device to: determine astate of a communications device as enrolled or not enrolled, thecommunications device being associated with a user; when the state ofthe device is enrolled, determine, based on a user request to conduct atransaction, a risk level for the transaction, the request beingreceived from the communications device and the transaction forunlocking an electronic door lock; determine, based on the transactionrisk level, a biometric parameter for authenticating the user;authenticate the user based on the biometric parameter; and transmit amessage to the electronic door lock after successfully authenticatingthe user, the message being an instruction to unlock the door\.
 4. Acomputing device for authenticating users in accordance with claim 3,said computing device being an authentication computer system.
 5. Acomputing device for authenticating users in accordance with claim 4,said computing device being a smart phone.
 6. A computing device forauthenticating users in accordance with claim 4, said computing devicebeing a tablet computer.
 7. A non-transitory computer-readable recordingmedium included in a computing device having stored thereon a computerprogram for enhancing accuracy of biometric authentication transactionresults, the computer program being comprised of instructions, whichwhen read and executed by the computing device, cause the computingdevice to: determine a state of a communications device as enrolled ornot enrolled, the communications device being associated with a user;when the state of the device is enrolled, determine, based on a userrequest to conduct a transaction, a risk level for the transaction, therequest being received from the communications device, and thetransaction for unlocking an electronic door lock; determine, based onthe transaction risk level, a biometric parameter for authenticating theuser; authenticate the user based on the biometric parameter; andtransmit a message to the electronic door lock after successfullyauthenticating the user, the message being an instruction to unlock thedoor.